CO(S)MIC OBSERVATIONS
CO(S)MIC OBSERVATIONS
ABS: some goats think that the bigbang never happened , the redshift is a virtual thing , the dark matter don't exist and the Cosmic Microwave Background is explicable with Raman effect (like the anormal acceleration of Pioneer or cosmic rays)...probabely ...but for understanding , it is better to know the dwarves stars, the coherent ligth and the Raman effect.
PREMISE AND INTRODUCTION OF THE DWARFS (STARS )
This little work is an integration and fallowing of the website www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com . After our modest proposals of 7 years ago, referred to the outlet of the first' Hubble datas (HST), we see the official science to walk again towards the ipothesis of the bigbang , inattentive to some evidences ( we was almost sure that somebody should have noted the anomaly of the radial velocity of the O , B and dwarf stars relationed to the distance !). First we do reference to our forecast of the point a.) of the website ; in that moment it was chained to the values of 80 white dwarfs ; today the datas are relative to many other-ones ( with thousands of datas ) ( www.cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/vizier/III/235A ) and
the conclusions are the same in the sense that we could forecast all : we showed that the warmer dwafs are flyng away speedderly than the other-ones and the farer-one more than the nearer-ones ( somebody would explain that thing with the big gravity but the anomaly continues also at 100 y. l. ' distance ); the medium radial velocity of these-ones ( conteining , we suppose, also a strong virtual part ( for us : redshift )) has two rate of growing : progressive for the temperature and proportional for the distance and this realty is incompatible with every easy
hipothesis ( like bigbang ) and shows consequently to us the virtuality of that mesurements ( the astronomer M. Hack in her book ''Cosi' parlano le stelle '' at pag. 191 says ''...a single galaxy don't expand : the gravity 'force is prevailing ..'' and pag. 198 ''... the medium temperature of universe is 2,7K.''.
An other decisive proof of this anomaly is the substantial normality of the dwarfs' proper motus. L. Rosini in ''Gli astri'' pag.291 writes ''Generally the radial and traverse
velocities (of stars) have the same order of quantity'' ; in realty doing the average pro celestial zone these velocities are identical ...). The absence of real solutions is suggesting a travel interaction ( the consolidation of forecast k.) of
the same website ? ) and the searching of a solution in the same corner. If the dwarfs should be only the one per cent, because their redshift (: we call in the same way redshift and the virtual part of the radial velocity) is more than 100 time
the expected values of the Hubble constant ( also the stars O and B can have the same effect but in smaller quantity : simply the dwarves-stars have a very higth superficial specific emission) , that should be enougth to justify the shift' observations of galaxies ( but are a virtual shift ! ) without searching curious bigbangs ;
obviously it should be necessary verify two working hipothesis :
a) the ligth of many sources in his travel to us joints and presents itself like an average of all components and
b) the ligth suffers a continuous lowering in frequency in travelling .
The FIRST HIPOTHESIS is normally verified : if we see a far galaxy with milliards of stars , it don't show milliards of stripes in 'natrium' ( for ex. ) but previously only one ( we refer to the page 79 of the book ' Esplorando l'universo ' by A. Braccesi: we see NGC 4594 and his spectrum ; from the reported explications , we understand that the galaxy is turning at 400 km/s , is moving away at 1230 km/s and the stripes are enough clear in spite of the big dispersion of velocities...( see photo 2 in the
www.bbamateur.bizhostin.com/laboratory.html , the lines wideness shows the turning speed and all photo is a prouve of all what we are saying ) : it seems just a characteristic of coherence the melting of all frequencies and phasis accomplice probabely the crossed medium' interactions .
For the second point we go to search an explication in
THE CRIME' SCENE
We know that all star' ligth arriving to us , is a coherent ligth ... born like emission of almost infinite atoms dishordinately , but crossing the space , it arrives to us coherent , in phase , like are the radiowaves or laser ligth . Personally we did elementary experiments :
1) the shape of a laserligth , also if composed from more than 100 millions of different frequencies , going througth 36 glass' prismas at 33 degrees (or 20 prismas at 60 degrees with water ) , it don't disperse itself like on the contrary the sunligth is doing ( after a prismas it does the rainbow , but it is composed by a number of frequencies millions times bigger ! ) ( see photos 1-3-4-5 in www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com/laboratory.html )
2)the Michelson ' interference remains without changements also if it goes througth 15 prismas at 60 degrees with water ( or 10 prismas with rectified benzin having
higter refraction' index ) ...
3 ) four refraction' networks don't disperse a laser-spot and at least threeones don't disperse the interference ...
4) a normal presence' reveiler (passing' indicator ) had the sensible part covered by two black plastic leeves and salt ( NaCl ) : the device showed the rays T' production (Terahertz or far-infrared ) when the salt was hit by a laser ligth ( also a normal lamp ( incandescence ) actives the instrument ( for his direct large infrared emission ) , while an economize lamp ( with the same luminosity ) needs to be 3 times nearer !)...It is convenient here rimember that the best laser' ghiroskopes , functioning with Sagnac ' interference , needs the continuos cutting of the ligth'source for evoiding the chaining of waves ( it seems so that the waves have a resistent structure..) .
All that bring us to think the ligth like 'structurated and in part resistent ' in that form . Here we note also that the interstellar and galactic space has atoms and electrons at the temperature around 3 K with a pressure lower than the atmosphere a milliard of milliards times...; now we remenber the Raman effect : a coherent ligth , hitting a material medium , can be absorbed and relaunched with frequencies like to the sum (rarely , antistokes ) and to the difference ( stokes ) between the frequency incident and disperdent ( understood this last-one , like the frequency of temperature of the material medium);
the effect is experimentally showed to grow with the lowering of the temperature
of the disperdent body and with higther incident frequencies ( in progressive way like for the dwarves stars )( probabely also with a low pressure if , like says G.
Castelfranchi in ''Fisica moderna...'' pag.311 ''The Ca ( calcium ) is ionized at 4000 K 0% at 1 atm., 3% at 1/100 atm. and 26% at 1/10000 atm.''); sometime the didactis of the Raman effect presents it like '' four frequencies effect '', but generally nobody explicitely declares an emission ( like somebody could think , doing a parallel with the radiomodulation of two different frequencies) of frequency at room temperature (= of the disperdent body ) ;
in conclusion , for the overshowed experiments , probabely the ligth in the cosmic space , througth the Raman interactions losts 'structurally' in frequency ( also with the stripes of no-emission ) and produces a microwaves-background at the tempeature of 3 K like the famous echo of the bigbang ;
( the temperature ( see the book ''Viaggio nel cosmo '' by P. Angela pp.27 and 113 ): at sun'surface is 6000K, at earth' distance ( after 8 minut/ligth )is already at 100K , in Neptun' orbit( after 4 hour/ligth) is already 3K ( and in one year/ligth , what happens?) ... to us it seems necessary to look for a mechanism( different from the adsorbement !) which gives energy to the deep space and keeps it to the equilibrium' temperature of 2,75K..)
( rephrasing : the coherent ligth in the travel to us ,with infinite microcollapses in frequency , produces directly a blackbody radiation and , consequently to the 'structuration ' , a redshift of the medium value around to the Hubble (in)constant ). ( We can hipotizate also a progressive growing in the speed of the disperdent medium if in concord movement with the ligth ' direction : a 'surf ' effect for explicating same cosmic rays ...). But surely the things shall be more complicate . And the
ANOMAL ACCELERATION OF PIONEER
, how is entering in the bigbang' solution ? The Pioneer' rockets , sent in the solar deep space , showed after 5 years of travel away from the earth an misterious
acceleration toward the sun . The JPL ( NASA ) relieved that anomaly because the times of going and coming of signals in radiocomunication don't respected the Doppler effect of the velocity ( that is mesured over the sample frequencies ) ; in the fallowing 20 years nobody found a good explication and the misterious effect was reveiled also in other situations .
The solution proposed by us associates the misterious acceleration to the Hubble' cosmic shift , caused , like aforesaid , by the 'structuration' of the coherent waves and their slow collapse for Raman effect . We propose for proving , to look better 3 elements : a) the value of anomal acceleration b) the experiences of Cassini project c) the misterious accelerations annual and diurnal .
The NASA has published many researches over that and we shall refer to www.arxiv:gr-qc/0104064v510mar2005 .
a) The absolute value of the anomal acceleration ( or shift in frequency ...) is given by NASA in cm. for sec. in a sec. and translated at km. for sec. in millions-year , it becames wonderfully like the Hubble constant , known from almost a century ; in other editings the JPL notes that confronting the two values , the Pioneer-value is with opposite sign , but that is explicated because they have on the table the calculation of two 'true' distances : that-one Doppler and that-one based over the times of going and coming of signals ; the sign is choisen on regard to the distances' 'more true' sistem of mesuring ...; we get the fact that , however , it is a shift of red colour at pag. 20 where they write '' ..a steady frequency drift of about ..1,5Hz. over 8 years. This equates to a clock acceleration... of -2,8*10^-18s/s^2.'' or because at at pag. 43 tab. II they consider of the same sign the anomal acceleration and the effect 1a) (solar radiation )and the effect 2a) (radio beam)...
b)At pag. 15 there are particulars of other spatial enterprises and they do referiment to empiric formulas ( Cassini corona model ) for ajustments in Doppler , where it is necessary 'changement of coefficient' in relation to the position of comunication on regard to the solar corona : implicitely they admit that the Doppler ( the same sistem used for mesuring distances of milliards year-ligth ) suffers forces in different situations , without resolving or analising the problem deeply. On regard to the point c) ; in specialistic places and by the large information , the Pioneer ' problem was discussed from 2000 to 2006 ; but nobody noted that the same mistery exists also
for an sinusoidal acceleration of value 1/10 and a diurnal of value 1/400 of main acceleration ( pag. 40 : Apparent annual/diurnal..); samebody could observe that it is difficult to imagine a kind of 'thrue' acceleration that , annually
and diurnally , is changing at distances beyond the solar sistem : it is a question of 'more virtual' accelerations than the main-one ( we think that simply it is the interposition of solar corona ( the annual-one , with its maximun and minimum ) and because the receiving earth stations are in different emispheres ( the
diurnal-one) .
SOME FORECASTS
For our opinion , there are some shadows over the bigbang theory
1 ) it is an apparently easy theory , but intimately incomprehensible and improbable ...in the same moment we have a) all things born b) the time and the space begin c) the expands in many points (and directions ..) with the speed of the (in)constant of Hubble ...much easier to speak about the dressing ..
2) there is no decorous agreement over the constant of H values from 25 to 80 km,s .. ( but depending to the temperature...)
3 ) the microwave background caused by the initial expansion is on the contrary too much constant : only a part in 100.000 ...( perhaps it is rigth Lerner in the book '' The bigbang never happened '': it seems a fog ... and also around the percentage of the elements ?)
4 ) some quasars , the farer objects , are moving with a very superluminar speed ( but if they are not so far ...)
5 ) farer we see and more there is missing matter : also 99% ( but if we measure badly the distances..)
6 ) the temperature diminuishes rapidly from the stars to the deep space , then it stops at 2.75 K ( forever ..)
7 ) there is the incapacity to distinguish if a galaxy is one or 10.000 millions of years old ( from the beginning of time our galaxy has done 50 turns and our young Earth has done around the sun 5 millions of turns ... ) .
Before we proposed streets of solution , now we do some consequent forecast :
I ) in the sistems of stars , the warmer stars should have a radial velocity higter than the other-ones
II ) rokets and satellites should emit a very weak signal , caused by the Raman effect ( goat effect ) coming from the radio comunication' waves , with blackbody ' frequency of the cosmic space acrossed ( for ex.: wave of 0,1 mm. for 28 K or wave of 0,03 for 75 K = -198 C )
III ) the warmer stars and quasars should emit a weak signal at the at the temperature of 2,75 K , but stronger than the microwave background
IV ) the blackbody ' curve in the far redshifts should be poorer of frequencies in the left part ( higter or shorter frequencies )
V ) in the ' associated' quasars of Arp , the warmer - ones should have bigger redshifts and distances
VI ) the far supernovas seem to have curve of time/distance dilation incoherent with tired ligth ' models ( see Google ''Error in tired ligth cosmology'' by Ned Wrigth : but probabely there are curves of lower frequencies and so enlarged ( because consumed by Raman effect )
VII ) the variable stars should change radial velocity ( understand virtual redshift ) in relation with the changement of temperature fallowing the empiric formula ( attempt of jointing the effect of temperature and distance !) before proposed in the website.
So : the celestial objects are almost immobile (excluding for the proper motus) in the sky and the study of the quantitative characteristic of the Raman effect (intensity ) should carry to an extimation of the cosmic distances , like the study of the received blackbody curve .( And if the cosmic distances are much overexstimed , it is falling also the hipothesis of the existence of the missing dark matter , automatically , without risks for the gravitational Newton ' low......)
CONCLUSIONS AND ASKS
If the coherent ligth travels with same 'structuration' , if the Raman effect is producing a diffuse collapse of frequency, many observations find explication without misterious hipothesis ( bigbang)...it remains the old goat , ignorant and lucky , who likes to think ... and have doubts ...the absolute thrue don't exist
..to have a probable thruth , in that moment... ... to do the rigth asks ... to think more to the facts than to the words around the facts...... perhaps it should be necessary think more and do more what we like ... and to do however asks ...
1) how to explicate non virtual the going away of the 'dwarfs' for distance and temperature ?
2) can be enougth the 'dwarfs' to justify the far redshifts ?
3) can we admit a 'structur' in the ligth ?
4) can be our experiments valid ?
5) is admittable the bigbang in stellar sistems or galaxies?
6) can justify the Raman effect the Co(s)mic Microwave Background ?
7) can justify the Raman effect the cosmic rays ?
8) can we reveil a radiation of blackbody sent by the satellites ?
9) Why to consider a coincidence the equality between the temperature of the deep
space and the blackbody radiation ?
10) the temperature in deep space should be lower ?
11) can exist a Raman effect by frequencies lower than the disperdent body doing goat and antigoat lines ?
11) how the coherence ' degree is related to the Raman effect' efficiency ?
( oldogf@yahoo.it )
ABS: some goats think that the bigbang never happened , the redshift is a virtual thing , the dark matter don't exist and the Cosmic Microwave Background is explicable with Raman effect (like the anormal acceleration of Pioneer or cosmic rays)...probabely ...but for understanding , it is better to know the dwarves stars, the coherent ligth and the Raman effect.
PREMISE AND INTRODUCTION OF THE DWARFS (STARS )
That little work is an integration and fallowing of the website www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com .
After our modest proposals of 7 years ago, referred to the outlet of the first' Hubble datas (HST), we see the official science to walk again towards the ipothesis of the bigbang , inattentive to some evidences ( we was almost sure that somebody should have notedthe anomaly of the radial velocity of the O, B and dwarf stars relationed to the distance !).
First we do reference to our forecast of the point a.) of the website ;
in that moment it was chained to the values of 80 white dwarfs ; today the
datas are relative to many other-ones ( with thousands of datas )
( www.cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/vizier/III/235A )
and the conclusions are the same in the sense that we could forecast
all : we showed that the warmer dwafs are flyng away speedderly than the
other-ones and the farer-one more than the nearer-ones (somebody would
explain that thing with the big gravity but the anomaly continues also at
100 y. l. ' distance);
the medium radial velocity of these-ones (conteining ,we suppose, also a
strong virtual part ( for us :redshift )) has two rate of growing :
progressive for the temperature and proportional for the distance
and this realty is incompatible with every easy
hipothesis ( like bigbang ) and shows consequently to us the virtuality
of that mesurements ( the astronomer M. Hack in her book
''Cosi' parlano le stelle '' at pag. 191 says ''...a single galaxy don't
expand :the gravity 'force is prevailing ..'' and pag. 198 ''... the
medium temperature of universe is 2,7K.''.An other decisive proof of this
anomaly is the substantial normality of the dwarfs' proper motus. L. Rosini
in ''Gli astri'' pag.291 writes ''Generally the radial and traverse
velocities (of stars) have the same order of quantity'' ; in realty doing
the average pro celestial zone these velocities are identical ...). The
absence of real solutions is suggesting the consolidation of forecast k.) of
the same website and the searching of a solution in the same
corner. If the dwarfs should be only the one per cent, because
their redshift (:we call in the same way redshift and the virtual
part of the radial velocity) is more than 100 time the expected values of
the Hubble constant (also the stars O and B can have the same effect but in
smaller quantity : simply the dwarves-stars have a very higth superficial
specific emission) , that should be enougth to justify
the shift' observations of galaxies ( but are a virtual shift ! ) without
searching curious bigbangs ; obviously it should be necessary verify
two working hipothesis : a) the ligth of many sources in his travel to us
joints and presents itself like an average of all components and b)
the ligth suffers a continuous lowering in frequency in travelling .
The first hipothesis is normally verified : if we see a far galaxy with
milliards of stars , it don't show milliards
of stripes in 'natrium' ( for ex. ) but previously only one ( we refer to
the page 79 of the book ' Esplorando l'universo ' by A. Braccesi: we see NGC
4594 and his spectrum ; from the caption we understand that the galaxy is
turning at 400 km/s , is moving away at 1230 km/s and the stripes of Calcium
are enough clear in spite of
the big dispersion of velocities...( see photo 2 in the
www.bbamateur.bizhostin.com/laboratory.html ) : it seems
just a characteristic of coherence the melting of all frequencies and phasis
accomplice probabely the crossed medium' interactions .
For the second point we go to search an explication in
THE CRIME' PLACES
We know that all star' ligth arriving to us ,is a coherent ligth ...
born like emission of almost infinite atoms dishordinately , but
crossing the space , it arrives to us coherent , in phase , like are the
radiowaves or laser ligth . Personally we did elementary experiments
: 1) the shape of a laserligth , also if composed from more than 100
millions of different frequencies , going througth 36 glass' prismas at 33
degrees (or 20 prismas at 60 degrees with water ) , it don't disperse itself
like on the contrary the sunligth is
doing ( after a prismas it does the rainbow , but it is composed
by a number of frequencies millions times bigger ! ) ( see photos 1-3-4-5 in
www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com/laboratory.html ) 2) the Michelson '
interference remains without changements also if it goes througth 15 prismas
at 60 degrees with water ( or 10 prismas with rectified benzin having
higter refraction' index ) ... 3 ) four refraction' networks don't disperse
a laser-spot and at least threeones don't disperse the interference ... 4) a
normal presence' reveiler (passing' indicator ) had the sensible part
covered by two black plastic leeves and salt ( NaCl ) : the device showed
the rays T' production (Terahertz or far-infrared ) when the salt was hit by
a laser ligth ( also a normal lamp
( incandescence ) actives the instrument ( for
his direct large infrared emission ) , while an economize lamp ( with the
same luminosity ) needs to be 3 times nearer !)...It is
convenient here rimember that the best laser' ghiroskopes , functioning with
Sagnac ' interference , needs the continuos cutting of the ligth'source for
evoiding the chaining of waves ( it seems so that the waves have a resistent
structure..) . All that bring us to think the ligth like 'structurated and
in part resistent ' in that form . Here we note also that the interstellar
and galactic space has atoms and
electrons at the temperature around 3 K with a
pressure lower than the atmosphere a milliard of milliards times...; now
we remenber the Raman effect : a coherent ligth , hitting a material medium
, can be absorbed and relaunched with frequencies like to
the sum (rarely , antistokes ) and to the difference ( stokes ) between the
frequency incident and disperdent ( understood this last-one , like the
frequency of temperature of the material medium) ;the effect is
experimentally
showed to grow with the lowering of the temperature of the disperdent body
and with higther incident frequencies ( in progressive way like for the
dwarves stars )( probabely also with a low pressure if , like says G.
Castelfranchi in ''Fisica moderna...'' pag.311 ''The Ca ( calcium ) is
ionized at 4000 K 0% at 1 atm., 3% at 1/100 atm. and 26% at 1/10000
atm.''); sometime the
didactis of the Raman effect presents it like '' four
frequencies effect '', but generally nobody explicitely declares an emission
( like somebody could think , doing a parallel with the radiomodulation of
two different frequencies) of frequency at room temperature (= of the
disperdent body ) ;
in conclusion ,for the overshowed experiments , probabely the ligth in the
cosmic space , througth the Raman interactions
losts 'structurally' in frequency ( also with the stripes of
no-emission ) and produces a microwaves-background at the tempeature of 3 K
like the famous echo of the bigbang ; ( the temperature (see the book
''Viaggio nel cosmo '' by P. Angela pp.27 and 113 ): at sun'surface is
6000K, at earth' distance ( after 8 minut/ligth )is already at 100K , in
Neptun' orbit( after 4 hour/ligth) is already 3K ( and in one year/ligth ,
what happens?) ... to us it seems necessary to look for a
mechanism( different from the adsorbement !) which gives energy to the deep
space and keeps it to the equilibrium' temperature of 2,75K..)( rephrasing :
the coherent ligth in the travel
to us ,with infinite microcollapses in frequency , produces directly a
blackbody radiation and ,consequently to the 'structuration ' , a redshift
of the medium value around to the Hubble (in)constant ). ( We can hipotizate
also a progressive growing in the speed of the disperdent medium
if in concord movement with the ligth ' direction : a 'surf ' effect for
explicate same cosmic rays ...). But surely the things shall be more
complicate . And the
ANOMAL ACCELERATION OF PIONEER
, how is entering in the bigbang' solution ?
The Pioneer' rockets , sent in the solar deep space ,
showed after 5 years of travel away from the earth an misterious
acceleration toward the sun . The JPL ( NASA ) relieved that anomaly because
the times of going and coming of signals in radiocomunication don't
respected the Doppler effect of the velocity ( that is mesured over the
sample frequencies ) ; in the fallowing 20 years nobody found a good
explication and the misterious effect was reveiled also in other situations
. The solution proposed by us associates the misterious acceleration to the
Hubble' cosmic shift , caused , like aforesaid , by the 'structuration' of
the coherent waves and their slow collapse for Raman effect .
We propose for proving , to look better 3 elements : a) the value of anomal
acceleration b) the experiences of Cassini project c) the misterious
accelerations annual and diurnal . The NASA has published many
researches over that and we shall refer to
www.arxiv:gr-qc/0104064v510mar2005 .a) The absolute value of the
anomal acceleration (or shift in frequency ...) is given by NASA in cm. for
sec. in a sec. and
translated at km. for sec. in millions-year , it becames
wonderfully like the Hubble constant , known from almost a century ;
in other editings the JPL notes that confronting the two values , the
Pioneer-value is with opposite sign , but that is explicated because
they have on the table the calculation of two 'true' distances :
that-one Doppler and that-one based over the times of going and coming of
signals ;the sign is choisen on regard to the distances' 'more true' sistem
of mesuring ...;
we get the fact that however it is a shift of red colour at pag. 20 where
they write '' ..a steady frequency drift of about ..1,5Hz. over 8 years.
This equates to a clock acceleration... of -2,8*10^-18s/s^2.'' because at page 42 '' the radio beam reaction force produces ... the Pioneer effect larger ''
at pag. 43 tab. II they consider of the same sign the anomal acceleration
and the effect 1a) (solar radiation )and the effect 2a) (radio beam)...
b)At pag. 15 there are particulars of other spatial enterprises
and they do referiment to empiric formulas ( Cassini corona model ) for
ajustments in Doppler , where it is necessary 'changement of coefficient'
in relation to the position of comunication on regard to the solar corona :
implicitely they admit that the Doppler ( the same sistem used for
mesuring distances of milliards year-ligth ) suffers forces in different
situations , without resolving or analising the problem deeply.
On regard to the point c) ; in specialistic places and by the large
information the Pioneer ' problem was discussed from 2000 to 2006 ;
but nobody noted that the same mistery exists also for an sinusoidal
acceleration of value 1/10
and a diurnal of value 1/400 of main acceleration( pag. 40 : Apparent
annual/diurnal..); samebody could observe that it is difficult to imagine
a kind of 'thrue' acceleration that , annually
and diurnally , is changing at distances beyond the solar
sistem : it is a question of 'more virtual' accelerations than the main-one
( we think that simply it is the interposition of solar corona (the
annual-one , with its maximun and minimum ) and because the receiving
earth stations are in different emispheres ( the diurnal-one) .
SOME FORECASTS
For our opinion , there are some shadows over the bigbang theory 1 ) it
is an apparently easy theory , but intimately incomprehensible and
improbable ...in the same moment a) all things born b) the time and the
space begin c) the expands in many points (and directions ..) with the
speed of the (in)constant of Hubble ...much easier to speak about the
dressing .. 2) there is no decorous agreement over the constant of H
values from 25 to 80 km,s ..but depending to the temperature...) 3 ) the
microwave background caused by the initial expansion is on the contrary too
much constant ( only a part in 100.000 ... perhaps it is rigth Lerner in the
book '' the bigbang never happened '': it seems a fog ... and also around
the percentage of the elements ?) 4 ) some quasars , the farer objects ,
are moving with a very superluminar speed ( but if they are not so far ...)
5 ) farer we see and more there is missing matter : also 99% ( but if we
measure badly the distances..) 6 ) the temperature diminuishes rapidly
from the stars to the deep space , then it stops at 2.75 K ( forever ..)
7 ) there is the incapacity to distinguish if a galaxy is one or 10.000
millions of years old ( from the beginning of time our galaxy has done 50
turns and our young Earth has done around the sun 5 millions of turns ... )
. Before we proposed streets of solution , now we do some consequent
forecast : I ) in the sistems of stars , the warmer stars should have a
radial velocity higter than the other-ones II ) rokets and satellites
should emit a very weak signal , caused by the Raman effect ( goat effect )
coming from the radio comunication' waves , with blackbody ' frequency of
the cosmic space acrossed ( for ex.: wave of 0,1 mm. for 28 K or wave of
0,03 for 75 K = -198 C ) III ) the warmer stars and quasars should emit a
weak signal at the at the temperature of 2,75 K , but stronger than the
microwave background IV ) the blackbody ' curve in the far redshifts should
be poorer of frequencies in the left part ( higter or shorter frequencies )
V ) in the ' associated' quasars of Arp , the warmer - ones should have
bigger redshifts and distances VI ) the far supernovas seem to have curve
of time/distance dilation incoherent with tired ligth ' models ( see Google
''Error in tired ligth cosmology'' by Ned Wrigth : but probabely there are
curves of lower frequencies and so enlarged ( because consumedby Raman
effect ) VII ) the variable stars should change radial velocity
understand virtual redshift ) in relation
with the changement of temperature fallowing the empiric formula ( attempt
of jointing the effect of temperature and distance !)
before proposed in the website. So : the celestial objects are almost
immobile (excluding for the proper motus)in the sky and the study of the
quantitative characteristic of the Raman effect (intensity )should carry to
an extimation of the cosmic distances , like the study of the received
blackbody curve .( And if the cosmic
distances are much overexstimed , it is falling also the hipothesis
of the existence of the missing dark matter , automatically ,without risks
for the gravitational Newton ' law....: a probable normalization should arrive dividing the extimate distance (with Doppler,redshift) for (1+(obj.temp./sun temp.)^3 ))
CONCLUSIONS AND ASKS
If the coherent ligth travels with same 'structuration' , if the Raman
effect is producing
a diffuse collapse of frequency, many observations find
explication without misterious hipothesis ( bigbang) ...
it remains the old goat , ignorant and lucky , who likes to think ...
and have doubts ...the absolute thrue don't exist ..to have a probable
thruth , in that moment...
... to do the rigth asks ... to think more to the facts than to the words
around the facts...... perhaps it should be
necessary think more and do more what we like ... and to do however
asks ...1) how to explicate non virtual the going away of the 'dwarfs'
for distance and temperature ? 2) can be enougth the 'dwarfs' to
justify the far redshifts ? 3) can we admit a 'structur' in the ligth ?
4) can be our experiments valid ? 5)
is admittable the bigbang in stellar sistems or galaxies? 6) can justify the
Raman effect the Co(s)mic Microwave Background ? 7) can justify the
Raman effect the cosmic rays ? 8) can
we reveil a radiation of blackbody sent by the satellites and caused by the comunication ' waves ? 9)Why to
consider a coincidence the equality between the temperature of the deep
space and the blackbody radiation ? 10) the temperature in deep space should
be lower ? 11) can exist a raman effect by frequencies lower than the
disperdent body doing goat and antigoat lines ?
OSSERVAZIONI COSMICHE di Unpoco Fortunato Anonimo ABS: alcune capre pensano che il bigbang non ci sia stato, i redshifts siano virtuali, la materia oscura non esista e il fondo a microonde sia spiegabile con l'effetto Raman (come l'accelerazione anomala del Pioneer e i raggi cosmici )... probabilmente ...ma per capire , e' meglio conoscere le stelle nane, la luce coerente e l'effetto Raman.
PREMESSA E INTRODUZIONE CON ( STELLE) NANE
Questo piccolo pascolare e' un'integrazione e prosecuzione del sito www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com . Dopo le nostre modeste proposte di 7 anni fa ,riferite all'uscita dei primi dati di Hubble (HST), vediamo la scienza ufficiale camminare ancora verso l'ipotesi del bigbang, distratta davanti ad alcune evidenze ( eravamo quasi certi che alcuni avrebbero notato le anomalie delle velocita' radiali delle stelle O , B e nane correlate con la distanza !).
Innanzitutto ci riferiamo alla nostra previsione del punto a.) del sito ; allora era legata ai valori di 80 stelle nane bianche; oggi i dati sono relativi ad altre 200 con migliaia di dati( www.cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/vizier/III/235A ) e le conclusioni sono le stesse nel senso che si sarebbero potuti prevedere tutti i nuovi dati : abbiamo mostrato in quel caso che mediamente piu' una stella nana e' calda e piu' si allontana , piu' e' lontana e piu' si allontana velocemente ( taluni vorrebbero spiegare questa forte eccedenza media con la grande gravita' di questa famiglia stellare ma l'anomalia continua anche a distanze superiori a 100 anni luce...) ;
la velocita' radiale media di queste stelle ( che secondo noi deve contenere una forte componente virtuale (redshift)) ha 2 tassi d'incremento : progressivo per la temperatura e proporzionale per la distanza e tale realta' e' incompatibile con ogni ipotesi reale ( tipo bigbang) e indica in conseguenza la virtualita' di tali misure ( citiamo l'astronoma M.Hack nel libro ''Cosi' parlano le stelle'' a pag. 191 ''...una singola galassia ...non si espande : la forza di gravita' prevale ...'' e pag. 198 ''... la temperatura media dell'universo e' 2,75 K ..''.
Come ulteriore riprova dell'anomalia puo' essere vista la normalita' dei moti propri nelle nane : L. Rosino in ''Gli astri'' a pag.291 scrive '' In generale le velocita' radiali e traverse sono dello stesso ordine di grandezza'' : in realta' per media di zone celesti sono identiche...). La mancanza di soluzioni reali ci suggerisce una interazione di viaggio ( il consolidamento della previsione k.) dello stesso sito web ? ) e la ricerca di una soluzione in tale ambito. Se le nane bianche fossero solo l'uno per cento , poiche' il loro redshift ( : accomuniamo redshift con la parte di velocita' radiale eccedente e quindi virtuale ) e' oltre 100 volte i valori attesi della costante di Hubble ( anche le stelle O e B contribuiscono con lo stesso meccanismo ma in quantita' molto minore : quindi semplicemente le nane hanno un irradiamento superficiale elevatissimo ), esse basterebbero a giustificare le osservazioni di fuga delle galassie ( ma sono un allontanamento virtuale !) senza cercare curiosi bigbangs ; ovviamente bisognerebbe pero' fare vere almeno 2 ipotesi di funzionamento : a) che la luce di molti oggetti celesti nel suo viaggio verso di noi si sommi e si presenti unica come media di tutte le sue componenti e b) che la luce subisca un abbassamento di frequenza continuo nel suo viaggio .
La PRIMA IPOTESI sembra normalmente verificata : vedendo una galassia lontana ,composta di miliardi di componenti , essa non mostra miliardi di righe nel sodio ( per es.) ma per lo piu' la fusione in un 'unica riga ( si faccia riferimento alla pag. 79 di ' Esplorando l'universo' di A. Braccesi : si vede in bella mostra NGC 4594 e il suo spettro; nella didascalia ci sembra di capire che gira a 400 km/s , si allontana a 1230 km/s e le righe sono abbastanza nette nonostante la grande dispersione di velocita'...( vedi foto 2 in www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com/laboratory.html ; la larghezza delle righe indica la velocita' di rotazione e tutta la foto , presa 80 anni fa , sembra la dimostraszione di quello che andiano dicendo... ));ci sembra che proprio la caratteristica della coerenza sia il grado di saldatura avvenuto fra le varie frequenze e fasi complici probabilmente le interazioni col mezzo attraversato.
Per la seconda ipotesi andiamo alla ricerca di spiegazione nei
LUOGHI DEL DELITTO .
Sappiamo che tutta la luce delle stelle in arrivo sulla terra e' coerente ...cioe' nasce come emissione di quasi infiniti atomi disordinatamente , ma attraversando lo spazio , arriva a noi coerente , cioe' in fase , come lo sono le onde radio delle telecomunicazioni o la luce laser . Abbiamo personalmente compiuto elementari esperimenti :
1) il profilo di una luce laser , anche se composta di 500 milioni di frequenze diverse , puo' attraversare 36 prismi di vetro a 33 gradi ( o 20 prismi a 60 gradi con acqua ) senza dispedersi come invece fa la luce solare in arrivo sulla terra ( che dopo un prisma forma l'arcobaleno essendo pero' composta da un numero di frequenze un milione di volte maggiore )...( vedi foto 1-3-4-5 di www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com/laboratory.html )
2) l'interferenza laser di Michelson rimane invariata anche dopo 15 prismi a 60 gradi con acqua (o 10 prismi con benzina rettificata avente indice di rifrazione molto piu'elevato) ...
3) quattro reticoli di diffrazione con 500 righe per mm. non disperdono lo spot laser e almeno tre non disperdono l'interferenza ...
4) un comune rilevatore di presenza (segnalatore di passaggio) e' stato da noi schermato con carta d'alluminio avente una finestra sulla parte sensibile di 2*2cm. che e' stata chiusa con 2 fogli di plastica nera e un sacchetto di sale da cucina: l'apparecchio dichiarava la produzione di raggi T ( teraherz o infrarosso lontano) qualora il sale fosse colpito da un raggio laser ( anche l'accensione di una lampada ad incandescenza per la sua emissione diretta di infrarossi e raggi T attiva lo strumento, mentre una lampada a risparmio della stessa luminosita' necessita di una vicinanza almeno tre volte maggiore !) ....
Conviene qui ricordare anche che i giroscopi laser , funzionanti con l'interferenza di Sagnac , necessitano l'intermittenza della fonte di luce per evitare che le onde si aggancino ( cioe' sembra che le onde coerenti abbino una struttura o tessuto resistente e vadano disarticolate per avere maggiore sensibilita' nello strumento...) .
E' noto a tutti anche che lo spazio interstellare e galattico ha una pressione bassissima ( minore di un miliardo di miliardi di volte quella atmosferica ); ricordiamo ora l'effetto Raman : una luce coerente che colpisca un mezzo materiale , puo' essere da questo assorbita e rilanciata con frequenze uguali alla somma (raramente , antistokes) e alla differenza (stokes) fra la frequenza incidente e disperdente ( intesa quest'ultima come frequenza di temperatura del mezzo materiale operante operante la dispersione ) ; l'effetto e' sperimentalmente dimostrato accentuarsi col diminuire della temperatura del corpo disperdente e ( in modo progressivo come per le stelle nane ) con l'aumento della frequenza incidente ( e probabilmente con la diminuizione della pressione ambientale , se come dice G. Castelfranchi in ''Fisica Moderna ..'' pag.311 ''il Calcio e' ionizzato a 4000K 0 % ad una atm. , 3% a 1/100 di atm. e 26% a 1/10000 di atm.'') ; qualche volta la didattica del 'Raman effect' parla di effetto delle quattro frequenze , ma , in generale , esplicitamente nessuno dichiara una emissione ( come potrebbe pensarsi facendo un parallelo con la radio-modulazione di due frequenze diverse) di frequenza a temperatura ambiente (= del corpo disperdente) :
la nostra conclusione ( per gli esperimenti sopracitati ) e' che probabilmente la luce nello spazio con le sue interazioni Raman perda 'strutturalmente' di frequenza ( insieme alle sue righe di non emissione) e produca un fondo a microonde della temperatura di circa 3 K come il decantato eco del bigbang .... ( la temperatura alla superficie del sole e' 6000K ; alla distanza della terra ( dopo 8 minuti/luce) e' gia' scesa a 100K ; all'orbita di Nettuno ( dopo 4 ore /luce )e' gia' 3K : vedi il libro di P. Angela ''Viaggio nel cosmo'' pp. 27 e 113 ...e dopo un anno- luce , che facciamo ? ...a noi sembra necessario promuovere un meccanismo (che non sia l'assorbimento !) che dia energia allo spazio profondo , anzi lo mantenga ad una temperatura di equilibrio di 2,75K ...)...
( rifrasando : la luce nel viaggio verso di noi con infiniti microcollassi di frequenza produce direttamente un fondo nero e ( conseguentemente alla sua caratteristica di 'strutturazione' ) un redshift di valore medio intorno alla (in)costante di Hubble ). ( Si puo' ipotizzare anche un progressivo aumento di velocita' di parte del mezzo disperdente se in movimento concorde con la direzione della luce : un ' effetto surf' per spiegare i raggi cosmici..). E sicuramente le cose saranno anche piu' complesse . Ma la
ACCELERAZIONE ANOMALA DEL PIONEER,
che c'entra con il bigbang ? I razzi Pioneer , inviati nello spazio interplanetario lontano , mostrarono dopo 5 anni di allontanamento dalla terra di subire un'accelerazione anormale verso il sole . Il JPL della NASA rilevava questa anomalia perche' i tempi di andata e ritorno ( misurabili con grande precisione) dei segnali di intercomunicazione non rispettavano l'effetto Doppler della velocita' ( cioe' misurato sulle frequenze campione inviate) ; nei 20 anni successivi non fu trovata una spiegazione soddisfacente e l'effetto misterioso fu rilevato anche su altri razzi lontani . La soluzione da noi proposta accomuna l'accelerazione misteriosa dei pioneer allo shift cosmico della costante di Hubble , dovuta come sopraindicato alla 'strutturazione ' delle onde coerenti e il loro lento collasso per effetto Raman. Proponiamo a riprova di approfondire 3 elementi : a) il valore dell'accelerazione anomala b) le esperienze delle sonde Cassini c) le misteriose accelerazioni annuali e giornaliere pure relative ai Pioneer .
La NASA ha pubblicato varie ricerche sull'argomento e noi faremo riferimento a www.arxiv:gr-qc/0104064v510mar2005 .
a) Il valore assoluto dell'accelerazione anomala ( o deterioramento della frequenza , redshift ..) viene dato dalla NASA in cm. al sec. per sec. e riportato in km. al sec. per milione di anni , esso diventa meravigliosamente identico alla costante di Hubble conosciuta da quasi un secolo ; in altri interventi il JPL fa notare che nel confronto dei due valori , quello del Pioneer e' di segno opposto , ma questo e' spiegabile nel fatto che essi hanno sul tavolo il calcolo di due misurazioni altrettanto 'vere' : quella Doppler e quella basata sui tempi di andata e ritorno dei segnali ; il segno viene scelto rispetto a quale dei due sistemi di distanze viene considerato piu' vero ...; il fatto che comunque si tratti di uno shift di colore red, lo concludiamo perche' a pag. 20 scrivono '' ..a steady frequency drift of about ...1,5Hz. over 8 years . This equates to a clock acceleration ... of -2,8 *10^-18s/s^2.'' oppure perche' a pag. 42 si dice '' the radio beam reaction force produces ...the Pioneer effect larger '' e a pag.43 tab. II considerino dello stesso segno l'accelerazione anomala e l'effetto 1a) (solar radiation ) e l'effetto 2a) ( radio beam ) , che chiaramente producono un piccolissimo redshift...b) A pag. 15 si danno dettagli di altre imprese spaziali e ci si riferisce a formule empiriche ( Cassini corona model ) per aggiustamenti dei Doppler, che necessitano di 'variazioni di coefficiente' in relazione alla posizione delle comunicazioni rispetto alla corona solare : implicitamente essi ammettono che il Doppler ( lo stesso con cui misuriamo le distanze cosmiche di miliardi di anni-luce ) subisca forzature in varie situazioni , senza che essi risolvono il problema generale o prospettino ipotesi allargate. Riguardo al punto c) in ambienti specialistici ma anche presso il grande pubblico si e' discusso dell'accelerazione anomala dal 2000 al 2006 ; a torto non si e' evidenziato che lo stesso mistero si ripete anche per un'accelerazione sinusoidale annuale di valore un decimo e una giornaliera di valore un quattrocentesimo ( pag. 40 : Apparent annual/diurnal ...) ; si potrebbe osservare che e' difficile immaginare 'vera' un'accelerazione che annualmente e giornalmente cambi ( agisca in piu' o meno) a distanze ben oltre il sistema solare : si tratta di accelerazioni 'ancor piu' virtuali' della principale ( secondo noi, dipende semplicemente dall'interposizione della corona solare con i suoi max. e min. ( per quella annuale ) e dal fatto che le stazioni riceventi a terra sono su emisferi diversi ( per quella giornaliera) .
QUALCHE PREVISIONE
Accenniamo qualche nostra critica alla teoria del bigbang
1) questa teoria e' in apparenza semplice, ma intimamente per noi incomprensibile e improbabile : in un unico istante nascono a) tutte le cose b) il tempo e lo spazio c) quest'ultimo in molti punti comincia a dilatarsi con la (in)costante di Hubble... piu' facile parlare del condimento
2) non c'e' accordo decente sulla costante di H. ( valori da 25 a 80 km/s ... ( se pero' dipendesse dalla temperatura...))
3) il fondo a microonde provocato dall'espansione iniziale e' invece troppo costante ( una parte su centomila ... ( forse ha ragione Lerner in ''The bigbang never happened'' : sembra un genere di nebbia ... e anche sulla percentuale degli elementi ?)
4) alcune quasars, gli oggetti piu' lontani, si muovono a velocita' molto 'superluminari' ( ma se non fossero cosi' lontane..)
5) piu' lontano vediamo e piu' manca materia : anche oltre il 99 per cento ( ma se misurassimo male le distanze..)
6) la temperatura dalle stelle allo spazio vuoto diminuisce rapidamente , poi si ferma a 2,75K ( per sempre ...)
7) incapacita' di distinguere se una galassia ha un milione di anni o 10 miliardi ( dall'inizio di tutto, la galassia ha fatto una cinquantina di giri , la giovane Terra ha gia' fatto 5 miliardi di giri..) .. .
Sopra abbiamo proposto indicazioni di soluzione , ora facciamo qualche previsione conseguente :
I) nei sistemi di stelle , quelle piu' calde dovrebbero avere una velocita' radiale piu' elevata , benche' appartenenti ad un sistema i cui soggetti ovviamente dovrebbero avere identiche velocita' radiali medie .
II) le sonde spaziali e i satelliti dovrebbero emettere un segnale molto debole, legato all'effetto Raman (effetto capra) prodotto dalle onde radio per telecomunicazioni, con frequenza di corpo nero a temperatura dello spazio cosmico attraversato ( per es.: onde di 0,1 mm. per 28 K oppure onde di 0,03 mm. per 75 K = -198 C ) .
III) le stelle piu' calde e i quasars dovrebbero emettere un debole segnale alla frequenza della temperatura di 2,75K , ma piu' forte del fondo a microonde .
IV) la curva di corpo nero nei redshifts lontani dovrebbe essere piu' povera di frequenze nella parte sinistra ( frequenze piu' alte o corte).
V) nelle quasars 'associate ' di Arp , le piu' calde dovrebbero avere redshifts e distanze maggiori delle altre.
VI) le supernove lontane sembrano avere curve di dilazione del tempo / distanza incoerenti con modelli di luce stanca ( vedi Google ''errors in tired ligth cosmology' di Ned Wrigth ) : invece sono probabilmente curve di frequenze piu' basse e quindi piu' larghe ( perche' consumate dal Raman effect)
VII) le stelle variabili dovrebbero cambiare velocita' radiale ( di una quota virtuale : intendi redshift ) in rapporto ai loro cambi di temperatura secondo la formula empirica ( tentativo di conciliare l'effetto temperatura e l'effetto distanza !) gia' proposta nel sito.
Quindi : tutti gli oggetti spaziali sono fermi ( esclusi i moti propri ) e lo studio della caratteristica quantitativa dell'effetto Raman ( intensita' ) potrebbe condurre ad una stima delle vere distanze cosmiche , come pure lo studio della curva di corpo nero ricevuta . ( E se le distanze cosmiche fossero dimostrate molto sovrastimate cade anche l'ipotesi di esistenza della materia oscura mancante , automaticamente , senza rischi per la legge di gravitazione di Newton....: una normalizzazione avverrebbe dividendo la distanza stimata (con Doppler , redshift) per (1+(temp.ogg./temp.sole)^3)
CONCLUSIONI E DOMANDE
Se la luce coerente viaggia con qualche 'strutturazione' , se l'effetto Raman provoca un collasso diffuso delle frequenze , molte osservazioni trovano spiegazione senza ipotesi misteriose ( bigbang , stringhe )... rimane la vecchia capra ignorante e fortunata che ama pensare ..e avere dei dubbi .. la verita' assoluta non esiste ... :avere una probabile verita', in questo momento ... farsi le giuste domande... pensare piu' ai fatti che alle parole dei fatti... ..forse bisognerebbe pensare di piu' e fare di piu' quello che ci piace ..e farsi comunque domande ...
1) come spiegarsi non virtuale l'allontanamento delle 'nane' per distanza e per temperatura ?
2) possono essere sufficienti le 'nane' a giustificare i redshift lontani ?
3) si puo' ammettere una 'strutturazione' della luce?
4) i nostri esperimenti laser sono validi ?
5) il bigbang e' ammissibile all'interno di sistemi stellari o galassie ?
6) il Raman puo' giustificare la co(s)mica radiazione di fondo ?
7) il Raman puo' giustificare i raggi cosmici ?
8) ..e anche la massa mancante ?
9) perche' l'uguaglianza fra la temperatura dello spazio profondo e della radiazione di fondo e' stata considerata una semplice coincidenza ?
10) si puo' pensare che nel vuoto cosmico la temperatura dovrebbe essere molto piu' bassa e invece quella di 2,75 K e' quella di equilibrio prodotta dalla luce media universale ?
11) si puo' pensare ad un effetto Raman causato da frequenze piu' basse del corpo disperdente formanti righe capra e anticapra , che sia prodotto dalle onde di comunicazione dei satelliti ?
11) come il grado di coerenza e' relazionato all'efficienza dell'effetto Raman ? ( oldogf@yahoo.it )
ABS: some goats think that the bigbang never happened , the redshift is a virtual thing , the dark matter don't exist and the Cosmic Microwave Background is explicable with Raman effect (like the anormal acceleration of Pioneer or cosmic rays)...probabely ...but for understanding , it is better to know the dwarves stars, the coherent ligth and the Raman effect.
PREMISE AND INTRODUCTION OF THE DWARFS (STARS )
This little work is an integration and fallowing of the website www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com . After our modest proposals of 7 years ago, referred to the outlet of the first' Hubble datas (HST), we see the official science to walk again towards the ipothesis of the bigbang , inattentive to some evidences ( we was almost sure that somebody should have noted the anomaly of the radial velocity of the O , B and dwarf stars relationed to the distance !). First we do reference to our forecast of the point a.) of the website ; in that moment it was chained to the values of 80 white dwarfs ; today the datas are relative to many other-ones ( with thousands of datas ) ( www.cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/vizier/III/235A ) and
the conclusions are the same in the sense that we could forecast all : we showed that the warmer dwafs are flyng away speedderly than the other-ones and the farer-one more than the nearer-ones ( somebody would explain that thing with the big gravity but the anomaly continues also at 100 y. l. ' distance ); the medium radial velocity of these-ones ( conteining , we suppose, also a strong virtual part ( for us : redshift )) has two rate of growing : progressive for the temperature and proportional for the distance and this realty is incompatible with every easy
hipothesis ( like bigbang ) and shows consequently to us the virtuality of that mesurements ( the astronomer M. Hack in her book ''Cosi' parlano le stelle '' at pag. 191 says ''...a single galaxy don't expand : the gravity 'force is prevailing ..'' and pag. 198 ''... the medium temperature of universe is 2,7K.''.
An other decisive proof of this anomaly is the substantial normality of the dwarfs' proper motus. L. Rosini in ''Gli astri'' pag.291 writes ''Generally the radial and traverse
velocities (of stars) have the same order of quantity'' ; in realty doing the average pro celestial zone these velocities are identical ...). The absence of real solutions is suggesting a travel interaction ( the consolidation of forecast k.) of
the same website ? ) and the searching of a solution in the same corner. If the dwarfs should be only the one per cent, because their redshift (: we call in the same way redshift and the virtual part of the radial velocity) is more than 100 time
the expected values of the Hubble constant ( also the stars O and B can have the same effect but in smaller quantity : simply the dwarves-stars have a very higth superficial specific emission) , that should be enougth to justify the shift' observations of galaxies ( but are a virtual shift ! ) without searching curious bigbangs ;
obviously it should be necessary verify two working hipothesis :
a) the ligth of many sources in his travel to us joints and presents itself like an average of all components and
b) the ligth suffers a continuous lowering in frequency in travelling .
The FIRST HIPOTHESIS is normally verified : if we see a far galaxy with milliards of stars , it don't show milliards of stripes in 'natrium' ( for ex. ) but previously only one ( we refer to the page 79 of the book ' Esplorando l'universo ' by A. Braccesi: we see NGC 4594 and his spectrum ; from the reported explications , we understand that the galaxy is turning at 400 km/s , is moving away at 1230 km/s and the stripes are enough clear in spite of the big dispersion of velocities...( see photo 2 in the
www.bbamateur.bizhostin.com/laboratory.html , the lines wideness shows the turning speed and all photo is a prouve of all what we are saying ) : it seems just a characteristic of coherence the melting of all frequencies and phasis accomplice probabely the crossed medium' interactions .
For the second point we go to search an explication in
THE CRIME' SCENE
We know that all star' ligth arriving to us , is a coherent ligth ... born like emission of almost infinite atoms dishordinately , but crossing the space , it arrives to us coherent , in phase , like are the radiowaves or laser ligth . Personally we did elementary experiments :
1) the shape of a laserligth , also if composed from more than 100 millions of different frequencies , going througth 36 glass' prismas at 33 degrees (or 20 prismas at 60 degrees with water ) , it don't disperse itself like on the contrary the sunligth is doing ( after a prismas it does the rainbow , but it is composed by a number of frequencies millions times bigger ! ) ( see photos 1-3-4-5 in www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com/laboratory.html )
2)the Michelson ' interference remains without changements also if it goes througth 15 prismas at 60 degrees with water ( or 10 prismas with rectified benzin having
higter refraction' index ) ...
3 ) four refraction' networks don't disperse a laser-spot and at least threeones don't disperse the interference ...
4) a normal presence' reveiler (passing' indicator ) had the sensible part covered by two black plastic leeves and salt ( NaCl ) : the device showed the rays T' production (Terahertz or far-infrared ) when the salt was hit by a laser ligth ( also a normal lamp ( incandescence ) actives the instrument ( for his direct large infrared emission ) , while an economize lamp ( with the same luminosity ) needs to be 3 times nearer !)...It is convenient here rimember that the best laser' ghiroskopes , functioning with Sagnac ' interference , needs the continuos cutting of the ligth'source for evoiding the chaining of waves ( it seems so that the waves have a resistent structure..) .
All that bring us to think the ligth like 'structurated and in part resistent ' in that form . Here we note also that the interstellar and galactic space has atoms and electrons at the temperature around 3 K with a pressure lower than the atmosphere a milliard of milliards times...; now we remenber the Raman effect : a coherent ligth , hitting a material medium , can be absorbed and relaunched with frequencies like to the sum (rarely , antistokes ) and to the difference ( stokes ) between the frequency incident and disperdent ( understood this last-one , like the frequency of temperature of the material medium);
the effect is experimentally showed to grow with the lowering of the temperature
of the disperdent body and with higther incident frequencies ( in progressive way like for the dwarves stars )( probabely also with a low pressure if , like says G.
Castelfranchi in ''Fisica moderna...'' pag.311 ''The Ca ( calcium ) is ionized at 4000 K 0% at 1 atm., 3% at 1/100 atm. and 26% at 1/10000 atm.''); sometime the didactis of the Raman effect presents it like '' four frequencies effect '', but generally nobody explicitely declares an emission ( like somebody could think , doing a parallel with the radiomodulation of two different frequencies) of frequency at room temperature (= of the disperdent body ) ;
in conclusion , for the overshowed experiments , probabely the ligth in the cosmic space , througth the Raman interactions losts 'structurally' in frequency ( also with the stripes of no-emission ) and produces a microwaves-background at the tempeature of 3 K like the famous echo of the bigbang ;
( the temperature ( see the book ''Viaggio nel cosmo '' by P. Angela pp.27 and 113 ): at sun'surface is 6000K, at earth' distance ( after 8 minut/ligth )is already at 100K , in Neptun' orbit( after 4 hour/ligth) is already 3K ( and in one year/ligth , what happens?) ... to us it seems necessary to look for a mechanism( different from the adsorbement !) which gives energy to the deep space and keeps it to the equilibrium' temperature of 2,75K..)
( rephrasing : the coherent ligth in the travel to us ,with infinite microcollapses in frequency , produces directly a blackbody radiation and , consequently to the 'structuration ' , a redshift of the medium value around to the Hubble (in)constant ). ( We can hipotizate also a progressive growing in the speed of the disperdent medium if in concord movement with the ligth ' direction : a 'surf ' effect for explicating same cosmic rays ...). But surely the things shall be more complicate . And the
ANOMAL ACCELERATION OF PIONEER
, how is entering in the bigbang' solution ? The Pioneer' rockets , sent in the solar deep space , showed after 5 years of travel away from the earth an misterious
acceleration toward the sun . The JPL ( NASA ) relieved that anomaly because the times of going and coming of signals in radiocomunication don't respected the Doppler effect of the velocity ( that is mesured over the sample frequencies ) ; in the fallowing 20 years nobody found a good explication and the misterious effect was reveiled also in other situations .
The solution proposed by us associates the misterious acceleration to the Hubble' cosmic shift , caused , like aforesaid , by the 'structuration' of the coherent waves and their slow collapse for Raman effect . We propose for proving , to look better 3 elements : a) the value of anomal acceleration b) the experiences of Cassini project c) the misterious accelerations annual and diurnal .
The NASA has published many researches over that and we shall refer to www.arxiv:gr-qc/0104064v510mar2005
a) The absolute value of the anomal acceleration ( or shift in frequency ...) is given by NASA in cm. for sec. in a sec. and translated at km. for sec. in millions-year , it becames wonderfully like the Hubble constant , known from almost a century ; in other editings the JPL notes that confronting the two values , the Pioneer-value is with opposite sign , but that is explicated because they have on the table the calculation of two 'true' distances : that-one Doppler and that-one based over the times of going and coming of signals ; the sign is choisen on regard to the distances' 'more true' sistem of mesuring ...; we get the fact that , however , it is a shift of red colour at pag. 20 where they write '' ..a steady frequency drift of about ..1,5Hz. over 8 years. This equates to a clock acceleration... of -2,8*10^-18s/s^2.'' or because at at pag. 43 tab. II they consider of the same sign the anomal acceleration and the effect 1a) (solar radiation )and the effect 2a) (radio beam)...
b)At pag. 15 there are particulars of other spatial enterprises and they do referiment to empiric formulas ( Cassini corona model ) for ajustments in Doppler , where it is necessary 'changement of coefficient' in relation to the position of comunication on regard to the solar corona : implicitely they admit that the Doppler ( the same sistem used for mesuring distances of milliards year-ligth ) suffers forces in different situations , without resolving or analising the problem deeply. On regard to the point c) ; in specialistic places and by the large information , the Pioneer ' problem was discussed from 2000 to 2006 ; but nobody noted that the same mistery exists also
for an sinusoidal acceleration of value 1/10 and a diurnal of value 1/400 of main acceleration ( pag. 40 : Apparent annual/diurnal..); samebody could observe that it is difficult to imagine a kind of 'thrue' acceleration that , annually
and diurnally , is changing at distances beyond the solar sistem : it is a question of 'more virtual' accelerations than the main-one ( we think that simply it is the interposition of solar corona ( the annual-one , with its maximun and minimum ) and because the receiving earth stations are in different emispheres ( the
diurnal-one) .
SOME FORECASTS
For our opinion , there are some shadows over the bigbang theory
1 ) it is an apparently easy theory , but intimately incomprehensible and improbable ...in the same moment we have a) all things born b) the time and the space begin c) the expands in many points (and directions ..) with the speed of the (in)constant of Hubble ...much easier to speak about the dressing ..
2) there is no decorous agreement over the constant of H values from 25 to 80 km,s .. ( but depending to the temperature...)
3 ) the microwave background caused by the initial expansion is on the contrary too much constant : only a part in 100.000 ...( perhaps it is rigth Lerner in the book '' The bigbang never happened '': it seems a fog ... and also around the percentage of the elements ?)
4 ) some quasars , the farer objects , are moving with a very superluminar speed ( but if they are not so far ...)
5 ) farer we see and more there is missing matter : also 99% ( but if we measure badly the distances..)
6 ) the temperature diminuishes rapidly from the stars to the deep space , then it stops at 2.75 K ( forever ..)
7 ) there is the incapacity to distinguish if a galaxy is one or 10.000 millions of years old ( from the beginning of time our galaxy has done 50 turns and our young Earth has done around the sun 5 millions of turns ... ) .
Before we proposed streets of solution , now we do some consequent forecast :
I ) in the sistems of stars , the warmer stars should have a radial velocity higter than the other-ones
II ) rokets and satellites should emit a very weak signal , caused by the Raman effect ( goat effect ) coming from the radio comunication' waves , with blackbody ' frequency of the cosmic space acrossed ( for ex.: wave of 0,1 mm. for 28 K or wave of 0,03 for 75 K = -198 C )
III ) the warmer stars and quasars should emit a weak signal at the at the temperature of 2,75 K , but stronger than the microwave background
IV ) the blackbody ' curve in the far redshifts should be poorer of frequencies in the left part ( higter or shorter frequencies )
V ) in the ' associated' quasars of Arp , the warmer - ones should have bigger redshifts and distances
VI ) the far supernovas seem to have curve of time/distance dilation incoherent with tired ligth ' models ( see Google ''Error in tired ligth cosmology'' by Ned Wrigth : but probabely there are curves of lower frequencies and so enlarged ( because consumed by Raman effect )
VII ) the variable stars should change radial velocity ( understand virtual redshift ) in relation with the changement of temperature fallowing the empiric formula ( attempt of jointing the effect of temperature and distance !) before proposed in the website.
So : the celestial objects are almost immobile (excluding for the proper motus) in the sky and the study of the quantitative characteristic of the Raman effect (intensity ) should carry to an extimation of the cosmic distances , like the study of the received blackbody curve .( And if the cosmic distances are much overexstimed , it is falling also the hipothesis of the existence of the missing dark matter , automatically , without risks for the gravitational Newton ' low......)
CONCLUSIONS AND ASKS
If the coherent ligth travels with same 'structuration' , if the Raman effect is producing a diffuse collapse of frequency, many observations find explication without misterious hipothesis ( bigbang)...it remains the old goat , ignorant and lucky , who likes to think ... and have doubts ...the absolute thrue don't exist
..to have a probable thruth , in that moment... ... to do the rigth asks ... to think more to the facts than to the words around the facts...... perhaps it should be necessary think more and do more what we like ... and to do however asks ...
1) how to explicate non virtual the going away of the 'dwarfs' for distance and temperature ?
2) can be enougth the 'dwarfs' to justify the far redshifts ?
3) can we admit a 'structur' in the ligth ?
4) can be our experiments valid ?
5) is admittable the bigbang in stellar sistems or galaxies?
6) can justify the Raman effect the Co(s)mic Microwave Background ?
7) can justify the Raman effect the cosmic rays ?
8) can we reveil a radiation of blackbody sent by the satellites ?
9) Why to consider a coincidence the equality between the temperature of the deep
space and the blackbody radiation ?
10) the temperature in deep space should be lower ?
11) can exist a Raman effect by frequencies lower than the disperdent body doing goat and antigoat lines ?
11) how the coherence ' degree is related to the Raman effect' efficiency ?
( oldogf@yahoo.it )
ABS: some goats think that the bigbang never happened , the redshift is a virtual thing , the dark matter don't exist and the Cosmic Microwave Background is explicable with Raman effect (like the anormal acceleration of Pioneer or cosmic rays)...probabely ...but for understanding , it is better to know the dwarves stars, the coherent ligth and the Raman effect.
PREMISE AND INTRODUCTION OF THE DWARFS (STARS )
That little work is an integration and fallowing of the website www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com .
After our modest proposals of 7 years ago, referred to the outlet of the first' Hubble datas (HST), we see the official science to walk again towards the ipothesis of the bigbang , inattentive to some evidences ( we was almost sure that somebody should have notedthe anomaly of the radial velocity of the O, B and dwarf stars relationed to the distance !).
First we do reference to our forecast of the point a.) of the website ;
in that moment it was chained to the values of 80 white dwarfs ; today the
datas are relative to many other-ones ( with thousands of datas )
( www.cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/vizier/III/235A )
and the conclusions are the same in the sense that we could forecast
all : we showed that the warmer dwafs are flyng away speedderly than the
other-ones and the farer-one more than the nearer-ones (somebody would
explain that thing with the big gravity but the anomaly continues also at
100 y. l. ' distance);
the medium radial velocity of these-ones (conteining ,we suppose, also a
strong virtual part ( for us :redshift )) has two rate of growing :
progressive for the temperature and proportional for the distance
and this realty is incompatible with every easy
hipothesis ( like bigbang ) and shows consequently to us the virtuality
of that mesurements ( the astronomer M. Hack in her book
''Cosi' parlano le stelle '' at pag. 191 says ''...a single galaxy don't
expand :the gravity 'force is prevailing ..'' and pag. 198 ''... the
medium temperature of universe is 2,7K.''.An other decisive proof of this
anomaly is the substantial normality of the dwarfs' proper motus. L. Rosini
in ''Gli astri'' pag.291 writes ''Generally the radial and traverse
velocities (of stars) have the same order of quantity'' ; in realty doing
the average pro celestial zone these velocities are identical ...). The
absence of real solutions is suggesting the consolidation of forecast k.) of
the same website and the searching of a solution in the same
corner. If the dwarfs should be only the one per cent, because
their redshift (:we call in the same way redshift and the virtual
part of the radial velocity) is more than 100 time the expected values of
the Hubble constant (also the stars O and B can have the same effect but in
smaller quantity : simply the dwarves-stars have a very higth superficial
specific emission) , that should be enougth to justify
the shift' observations of galaxies ( but are a virtual shift ! ) without
searching curious bigbangs ; obviously it should be necessary verify
two working hipothesis : a) the ligth of many sources in his travel to us
joints and presents itself like an average of all components and b)
the ligth suffers a continuous lowering in frequency in travelling .
The first hipothesis is normally verified : if we see a far galaxy with
milliards of stars , it don't show milliards
of stripes in 'natrium' ( for ex. ) but previously only one ( we refer to
the page 79 of the book ' Esplorando l'universo ' by A. Braccesi: we see NGC
4594 and his spectrum ; from the caption we understand that the galaxy is
turning at 400 km/s , is moving away at 1230 km/s and the stripes of Calcium
are enough clear in spite of
the big dispersion of velocities...( see photo 2 in the
www.bbamateur.bizhostin.com/laboratory.html ) : it seems
just a characteristic of coherence the melting of all frequencies and phasis
accomplice probabely the crossed medium' interactions .
For the second point we go to search an explication in
THE CRIME' PLACES
We know that all star' ligth arriving to us ,is a coherent ligth ...
born like emission of almost infinite atoms dishordinately , but
crossing the space , it arrives to us coherent , in phase , like are the
radiowaves or laser ligth . Personally we did elementary experiments
: 1) the shape of a laserligth , also if composed from more than 100
millions of different frequencies , going througth 36 glass' prismas at 33
degrees (or 20 prismas at 60 degrees with water ) , it don't disperse itself
like on the contrary the sunligth is
doing ( after a prismas it does the rainbow , but it is composed
by a number of frequencies millions times bigger ! ) ( see photos 1-3-4-5 in
www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com/laboratory.html ) 2) the Michelson '
interference remains without changements also if it goes througth 15 prismas
at 60 degrees with water ( or 10 prismas with rectified benzin having
higter refraction' index ) ... 3 ) four refraction' networks don't disperse
a laser-spot and at least threeones don't disperse the interference ... 4) a
normal presence' reveiler (passing' indicator ) had the sensible part
covered by two black plastic leeves and salt ( NaCl ) : the device showed
the rays T' production (Terahertz or far-infrared ) when the salt was hit by
a laser ligth ( also a normal lamp
( incandescence ) actives the instrument ( for
his direct large infrared emission ) , while an economize lamp ( with the
same luminosity ) needs to be 3 times nearer !)...It is
convenient here rimember that the best laser' ghiroskopes , functioning with
Sagnac ' interference , needs the continuos cutting of the ligth'source for
evoiding the chaining of waves ( it seems so that the waves have a resistent
structure..) . All that bring us to think the ligth like 'structurated and
in part resistent ' in that form . Here we note also that the interstellar
and galactic space has atoms and
electrons at the temperature around 3 K with a
pressure lower than the atmosphere a milliard of milliards times...; now
we remenber the Raman effect : a coherent ligth , hitting a material medium
, can be absorbed and relaunched with frequencies like to
the sum (rarely , antistokes ) and to the difference ( stokes ) between the
frequency incident and disperdent ( understood this last-one , like the
frequency of temperature of the material medium) ;the effect is
experimentally
showed to grow with the lowering of the temperature of the disperdent body
and with higther incident frequencies ( in progressive way like for the
dwarves stars )( probabely also with a low pressure if , like says G.
Castelfranchi in ''Fisica moderna...'' pag.311 ''The Ca ( calcium ) is
ionized at 4000 K 0% at 1 atm., 3% at 1/100 atm. and 26% at 1/10000
atm.''); sometime the
didactis of the Raman effect presents it like '' four
frequencies effect '', but generally nobody explicitely declares an emission
( like somebody could think , doing a parallel with the radiomodulation of
two different frequencies) of frequency at room temperature (= of the
disperdent body ) ;
in conclusion ,for the overshowed experiments , probabely the ligth in the
cosmic space , througth the Raman interactions
losts 'structurally' in frequency ( also with the stripes of
no-emission ) and produces a microwaves-background at the tempeature of 3 K
like the famous echo of the bigbang ; ( the temperature (see the book
''Viaggio nel cosmo '' by P. Angela pp.27 and 113 ): at sun'surface is
6000K, at earth' distance ( after 8 minut/ligth )is already at 100K , in
Neptun' orbit( after 4 hour/ligth) is already 3K ( and in one year/ligth ,
what happens?) ... to us it seems necessary to look for a
mechanism( different from the adsorbement !) which gives energy to the deep
space and keeps it to the equilibrium' temperature of 2,75K..)( rephrasing :
the coherent ligth in the travel
to us ,with infinite microcollapses in frequency , produces directly a
blackbody radiation and ,consequently to the 'structuration ' , a redshift
of the medium value around to the Hubble (in)constant ). ( We can hipotizate
also a progressive growing in the speed of the disperdent medium
if in concord movement with the ligth ' direction : a 'surf ' effect for
explicate same cosmic rays ...). But surely the things shall be more
complicate . And the
ANOMAL ACCELERATION OF PIONEER
, how is entering in the bigbang' solution ?
The Pioneer' rockets , sent in the solar deep space ,
showed after 5 years of travel away from the earth an misterious
acceleration toward the sun . The JPL ( NASA ) relieved that anomaly because
the times of going and coming of signals in radiocomunication don't
respected the Doppler effect of the velocity ( that is mesured over the
sample frequencies ) ; in the fallowing 20 years nobody found a good
explication and the misterious effect was reveiled also in other situations
. The solution proposed by us associates the misterious acceleration to the
Hubble' cosmic shift , caused , like aforesaid , by the 'structuration' of
the coherent waves and their slow collapse for Raman effect .
We propose for proving , to look better 3 elements : a) the value of anomal
acceleration b) the experiences of Cassini project c) the misterious
accelerations annual and diurnal . The NASA has published many
researches over that and we shall refer to
www.arxiv:gr-qc/0104064v510mar2005 .a) The absolute value of the
anomal acceleration (or shift in frequency ...) is given by NASA in cm. for
sec. in a sec. and
translated at km. for sec. in millions-year , it becames
wonderfully like the Hubble constant , known from almost a century ;
in other editings the JPL notes that confronting the two values , the
Pioneer-value is with opposite sign , but that is explicated because
they have on the table the calculation of two 'true' distances :
that-one Doppler and that-one based over the times of going and coming of
signals ;the sign is choisen on regard to the distances' 'more true' sistem
of mesuring ...;
we get the fact that however it is a shift of red colour at pag. 20 where
they write '' ..a steady frequency drift of about ..1,5Hz. over 8 years.
This equates to a clock acceleration... of -2,8*10^-18s/s^2.'' because at page 42 '' the radio beam reaction force produces ... the Pioneer effect larger ''
at pag. 43 tab. II they consider of the same sign the anomal acceleration
and the effect 1a) (solar radiation )and the effect 2a) (radio beam)...
b)At pag. 15 there are particulars of other spatial enterprises
and they do referiment to empiric formulas ( Cassini corona model ) for
ajustments in Doppler , where it is necessary 'changement of coefficient'
in relation to the position of comunication on regard to the solar corona :
implicitely they admit that the Doppler ( the same sistem used for
mesuring distances of milliards year-ligth ) suffers forces in different
situations , without resolving or analising the problem deeply.
On regard to the point c) ; in specialistic places and by the large
information the Pioneer ' problem was discussed from 2000 to 2006 ;
but nobody noted that the same mistery exists also for an sinusoidal
acceleration of value 1/10
and a diurnal of value 1/400 of main acceleration( pag. 40 : Apparent
annual/diurnal..); samebody could observe that it is difficult to imagine
a kind of 'thrue' acceleration that , annually
and diurnally , is changing at distances beyond the solar
sistem : it is a question of 'more virtual' accelerations than the main-one
( we think that simply it is the interposition of solar corona (the
annual-one , with its maximun and minimum ) and because the receiving
earth stations are in different emispheres ( the diurnal-one) .
SOME FORECASTS
For our opinion , there are some shadows over the bigbang theory 1 ) it
is an apparently easy theory , but intimately incomprehensible and
improbable ...in the same moment a) all things born b) the time and the
space begin c) the expands in many points (and directions ..) with the
speed of the (in)constant of Hubble ...much easier to speak about the
dressing .. 2) there is no decorous agreement over the constant of H
values from 25 to 80 km,s ..but depending to the temperature...) 3 ) the
microwave background caused by the initial expansion is on the contrary too
much constant ( only a part in 100.000 ... perhaps it is rigth Lerner in the
book '' the bigbang never happened '': it seems a fog ... and also around
the percentage of the elements ?) 4 ) some quasars , the farer objects ,
are moving with a very superluminar speed ( but if they are not so far ...)
5 ) farer we see and more there is missing matter : also 99% ( but if we
measure badly the distances..) 6 ) the temperature diminuishes rapidly
from the stars to the deep space , then it stops at 2.75 K ( forever ..)
7 ) there is the incapacity to distinguish if a galaxy is one or 10.000
millions of years old ( from the beginning of time our galaxy has done 50
turns and our young Earth has done around the sun 5 millions of turns ... )
. Before we proposed streets of solution , now we do some consequent
forecast : I ) in the sistems of stars , the warmer stars should have a
radial velocity higter than the other-ones II ) rokets and satellites
should emit a very weak signal , caused by the Raman effect ( goat effect )
coming from the radio comunication' waves , with blackbody ' frequency of
the cosmic space acrossed ( for ex.: wave of 0,1 mm. for 28 K or wave of
0,03 for 75 K = -198 C ) III ) the warmer stars and quasars should emit a
weak signal at the at the temperature of 2,75 K , but stronger than the
microwave background IV ) the blackbody ' curve in the far redshifts should
be poorer of frequencies in the left part ( higter or shorter frequencies )
V ) in the ' associated' quasars of Arp , the warmer - ones should have
bigger redshifts and distances VI ) the far supernovas seem to have curve
of time/distance dilation incoherent with tired ligth ' models ( see Google
''Error in tired ligth cosmology'' by Ned Wrigth : but probabely there are
curves of lower frequencies and so enlarged ( because consumedby Raman
effect ) VII ) the variable stars should change radial velocity
understand virtual redshift ) in relation
with the changement of temperature fallowing the empiric formula ( attempt
of jointing the effect of temperature and distance !)
before proposed in the website. So : the celestial objects are almost
immobile (excluding for the proper motus)in the sky and the study of the
quantitative characteristic of the Raman effect (intensity )should carry to
an extimation of the cosmic distances , like the study of the received
blackbody curve .( And if the cosmic
distances are much overexstimed , it is falling also the hipothesis
of the existence of the missing dark matter , automatically ,without risks
for the gravitational Newton ' law....: a probable normalization should arrive dividing the extimate distance (with Doppler,redshift) for (1+(obj.temp./sun temp.)^3 ))
CONCLUSIONS AND ASKS
If the coherent ligth travels with same 'structuration' , if the Raman
effect is producing
a diffuse collapse of frequency, many observations find
explication without misterious hipothesis ( bigbang) ...
it remains the old goat , ignorant and lucky , who likes to think ...
and have doubts ...the absolute thrue don't exist ..to have a probable
thruth , in that moment...
... to do the rigth asks ... to think more to the facts than to the words
around the facts...... perhaps it should be
necessary think more and do more what we like ... and to do however
asks ...1) how to explicate non virtual the going away of the 'dwarfs'
for distance and temperature ? 2) can be enougth the 'dwarfs' to
justify the far redshifts ? 3) can we admit a 'structur' in the ligth ?
4) can be our experiments valid ? 5)
is admittable the bigbang in stellar sistems or galaxies? 6) can justify the
Raman effect the Co(s)mic Microwave Background ? 7) can justify the
Raman effect the cosmic rays ? 8) can
we reveil a radiation of blackbody sent by the satellites and caused by the comunication ' waves ? 9)Why to
consider a coincidence the equality between the temperature of the deep
space and the blackbody radiation ? 10) the temperature in deep space should
be lower ? 11) can exist a raman effect by frequencies lower than the
disperdent body doing goat and antigoat lines ?
OSSERVAZIONI COSMICHE di Unpoco Fortunato Anonimo ABS: alcune capre pensano che il bigbang non ci sia stato, i redshifts siano virtuali, la materia oscura non esista e il fondo a microonde sia spiegabile con l'effetto Raman (come l'accelerazione anomala del Pioneer e i raggi cosmici )... probabilmente ...ma per capire , e' meglio conoscere le stelle nane, la luce coerente e l'effetto Raman.
PREMESSA E INTRODUZIONE CON ( STELLE) NANE
Questo piccolo pascolare e' un'integrazione e prosecuzione del sito www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com . Dopo le nostre modeste proposte di 7 anni fa ,riferite all'uscita dei primi dati di Hubble (HST), vediamo la scienza ufficiale camminare ancora verso l'ipotesi del bigbang, distratta davanti ad alcune evidenze ( eravamo quasi certi che alcuni avrebbero notato le anomalie delle velocita' radiali delle stelle O , B e nane correlate con la distanza !).
Innanzitutto ci riferiamo alla nostra previsione del punto a.) del sito ; allora era legata ai valori di 80 stelle nane bianche; oggi i dati sono relativi ad altre 200 con migliaia di dati( www.cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/vizier/III/235A ) e le conclusioni sono le stesse nel senso che si sarebbero potuti prevedere tutti i nuovi dati : abbiamo mostrato in quel caso che mediamente piu' una stella nana e' calda e piu' si allontana , piu' e' lontana e piu' si allontana velocemente ( taluni vorrebbero spiegare questa forte eccedenza media con la grande gravita' di questa famiglia stellare ma l'anomalia continua anche a distanze superiori a 100 anni luce...) ;
la velocita' radiale media di queste stelle ( che secondo noi deve contenere una forte componente virtuale (redshift)) ha 2 tassi d'incremento : progressivo per la temperatura e proporzionale per la distanza e tale realta' e' incompatibile con ogni ipotesi reale ( tipo bigbang) e indica in conseguenza la virtualita' di tali misure ( citiamo l'astronoma M.Hack nel libro ''Cosi' parlano le stelle'' a pag. 191 ''...una singola galassia ...non si espande : la forza di gravita' prevale ...'' e pag. 198 ''... la temperatura media dell'universo e' 2,75 K ..''.
Come ulteriore riprova dell'anomalia puo' essere vista la normalita' dei moti propri nelle nane : L. Rosino in ''Gli astri'' a pag.291 scrive '' In generale le velocita' radiali e traverse sono dello stesso ordine di grandezza'' : in realta' per media di zone celesti sono identiche...). La mancanza di soluzioni reali ci suggerisce una interazione di viaggio ( il consolidamento della previsione k.) dello stesso sito web ? ) e la ricerca di una soluzione in tale ambito. Se le nane bianche fossero solo l'uno per cento , poiche' il loro redshift ( : accomuniamo redshift con la parte di velocita' radiale eccedente e quindi virtuale ) e' oltre 100 volte i valori attesi della costante di Hubble ( anche le stelle O e B contribuiscono con lo stesso meccanismo ma in quantita' molto minore : quindi semplicemente le nane hanno un irradiamento superficiale elevatissimo ), esse basterebbero a giustificare le osservazioni di fuga delle galassie ( ma sono un allontanamento virtuale !) senza cercare curiosi bigbangs ; ovviamente bisognerebbe pero' fare vere almeno 2 ipotesi di funzionamento : a) che la luce di molti oggetti celesti nel suo viaggio verso di noi si sommi e si presenti unica come media di tutte le sue componenti e b) che la luce subisca un abbassamento di frequenza continuo nel suo viaggio .
La PRIMA IPOTESI sembra normalmente verificata : vedendo una galassia lontana ,composta di miliardi di componenti , essa non mostra miliardi di righe nel sodio ( per es.) ma per lo piu' la fusione in un 'unica riga ( si faccia riferimento alla pag. 79 di ' Esplorando l'universo' di A. Braccesi : si vede in bella mostra NGC 4594 e il suo spettro; nella didascalia ci sembra di capire che gira a 400 km/s , si allontana a 1230 km/s e le righe sono abbastanza nette nonostante la grande dispersione di velocita'...( vedi foto 2 in www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com/laboratory.html ; la larghezza delle righe indica la velocita' di rotazione e tutta la foto , presa 80 anni fa , sembra la dimostraszione di quello che andiano dicendo... ));ci sembra che proprio la caratteristica della coerenza sia il grado di saldatura avvenuto fra le varie frequenze e fasi complici probabilmente le interazioni col mezzo attraversato.
Per la seconda ipotesi andiamo alla ricerca di spiegazione nei
LUOGHI DEL DELITTO .
Sappiamo che tutta la luce delle stelle in arrivo sulla terra e' coerente ...cioe' nasce come emissione di quasi infiniti atomi disordinatamente , ma attraversando lo spazio , arriva a noi coerente , cioe' in fase , come lo sono le onde radio delle telecomunicazioni o la luce laser . Abbiamo personalmente compiuto elementari esperimenti :
1) il profilo di una luce laser , anche se composta di 500 milioni di frequenze diverse , puo' attraversare 36 prismi di vetro a 33 gradi ( o 20 prismi a 60 gradi con acqua ) senza dispedersi come invece fa la luce solare in arrivo sulla terra ( che dopo un prisma forma l'arcobaleno essendo pero' composta da un numero di frequenze un milione di volte maggiore )...( vedi foto 1-3-4-5 di www.bbamateur.bizhosting.com/laboratory.html )
2) l'interferenza laser di Michelson rimane invariata anche dopo 15 prismi a 60 gradi con acqua (o 10 prismi con benzina rettificata avente indice di rifrazione molto piu'elevato) ...
3) quattro reticoli di diffrazione con 500 righe per mm. non disperdono lo spot laser e almeno tre non disperdono l'interferenza ...
4) un comune rilevatore di presenza (segnalatore di passaggio) e' stato da noi schermato con carta d'alluminio avente una finestra sulla parte sensibile di 2*2cm. che e' stata chiusa con 2 fogli di plastica nera e un sacchetto di sale da cucina: l'apparecchio dichiarava la produzione di raggi T ( teraherz o infrarosso lontano) qualora il sale fosse colpito da un raggio laser ( anche l'accensione di una lampada ad incandescenza per la sua emissione diretta di infrarossi e raggi T attiva lo strumento, mentre una lampada a risparmio della stessa luminosita' necessita di una vicinanza almeno tre volte maggiore !) ....
Conviene qui ricordare anche che i giroscopi laser , funzionanti con l'interferenza di Sagnac , necessitano l'intermittenza della fonte di luce per evitare che le onde si aggancino ( cioe' sembra che le onde coerenti abbino una struttura o tessuto resistente e vadano disarticolate per avere maggiore sensibilita' nello strumento...) .
E' noto a tutti anche che lo spazio interstellare e galattico ha una pressione bassissima ( minore di un miliardo di miliardi di volte quella atmosferica ); ricordiamo ora l'effetto Raman : una luce coerente che colpisca un mezzo materiale , puo' essere da questo assorbita e rilanciata con frequenze uguali alla somma (raramente , antistokes) e alla differenza (stokes) fra la frequenza incidente e disperdente ( intesa quest'ultima come frequenza di temperatura del mezzo materiale operante operante la dispersione ) ; l'effetto e' sperimentalmente dimostrato accentuarsi col diminuire della temperatura del corpo disperdente e ( in modo progressivo come per le stelle nane ) con l'aumento della frequenza incidente ( e probabilmente con la diminuizione della pressione ambientale , se come dice G. Castelfranchi in ''Fisica Moderna ..'' pag.311 ''il Calcio e' ionizzato a 4000K 0 % ad una atm. , 3% a 1/100 di atm. e 26% a 1/10000 di atm.'') ; qualche volta la didattica del 'Raman effect' parla di effetto delle quattro frequenze , ma , in generale , esplicitamente nessuno dichiara una emissione ( come potrebbe pensarsi facendo un parallelo con la radio-modulazione di due frequenze diverse) di frequenza a temperatura ambiente (= del corpo disperdente) :
la nostra conclusione ( per gli esperimenti sopracitati ) e' che probabilmente la luce nello spazio con le sue interazioni Raman perda 'strutturalmente' di frequenza ( insieme alle sue righe di non emissione) e produca un fondo a microonde della temperatura di circa 3 K come il decantato eco del bigbang .... ( la temperatura alla superficie del sole e' 6000K ; alla distanza della terra ( dopo 8 minuti/luce) e' gia' scesa a 100K ; all'orbita di Nettuno ( dopo 4 ore /luce )e' gia' 3K : vedi il libro di P. Angela ''Viaggio nel cosmo'' pp. 27 e 113 ...e dopo un anno- luce , che facciamo ? ...a noi sembra necessario promuovere un meccanismo (che non sia l'assorbimento !) che dia energia allo spazio profondo , anzi lo mantenga ad una temperatura di equilibrio di 2,75K ...)...
( rifrasando : la luce nel viaggio verso di noi con infiniti microcollassi di frequenza produce direttamente un fondo nero e ( conseguentemente alla sua caratteristica di 'strutturazione' ) un redshift di valore medio intorno alla (in)costante di Hubble ). ( Si puo' ipotizzare anche un progressivo aumento di velocita' di parte del mezzo disperdente se in movimento concorde con la direzione della luce : un ' effetto surf' per spiegare i raggi cosmici..). E sicuramente le cose saranno anche piu' complesse . Ma la
ACCELERAZIONE ANOMALA DEL PIONEER,
che c'entra con il bigbang ? I razzi Pioneer , inviati nello spazio interplanetario lontano , mostrarono dopo 5 anni di allontanamento dalla terra di subire un'accelerazione anormale verso il sole . Il JPL della NASA rilevava questa anomalia perche' i tempi di andata e ritorno ( misurabili con grande precisione) dei segnali di intercomunicazione non rispettavano l'effetto Doppler della velocita' ( cioe' misurato sulle frequenze campione inviate) ; nei 20 anni successivi non fu trovata una spiegazione soddisfacente e l'effetto misterioso fu rilevato anche su altri razzi lontani . La soluzione da noi proposta accomuna l'accelerazione misteriosa dei pioneer allo shift cosmico della costante di Hubble , dovuta come sopraindicato alla 'strutturazione ' delle onde coerenti e il loro lento collasso per effetto Raman. Proponiamo a riprova di approfondire 3 elementi : a) il valore dell'accelerazione anomala b) le esperienze delle sonde Cassini c) le misteriose accelerazioni annuali e giornaliere pure relative ai Pioneer .
La NASA ha pubblicato varie ricerche sull'argomento e noi faremo riferimento a www.arxiv:gr-qc/0104064v510mar2005 .
a) Il valore assoluto dell'accelerazione anomala ( o deterioramento della frequenza , redshift ..) viene dato dalla NASA in cm. al sec. per sec. e riportato in km. al sec. per milione di anni , esso diventa meravigliosamente identico alla costante di Hubble conosciuta da quasi un secolo ; in altri interventi il JPL fa notare che nel confronto dei due valori , quello del Pioneer e' di segno opposto , ma questo e' spiegabile nel fatto che essi hanno sul tavolo il calcolo di due misurazioni altrettanto 'vere' : quella Doppler e quella basata sui tempi di andata e ritorno dei segnali ; il segno viene scelto rispetto a quale dei due sistemi di distanze viene considerato piu' vero ...; il fatto che comunque si tratti di uno shift di colore red, lo concludiamo perche' a pag. 20 scrivono '' ..a steady frequency drift of about ...1,5Hz. over 8 years . This equates to a clock acceleration ... of -2,8 *10^-18s/s^2.'' oppure perche' a pag. 42 si dice '' the radio beam reaction force produces ...the Pioneer effect larger '' e a pag.43 tab. II considerino dello stesso segno l'accelerazione anomala e l'effetto 1a) (solar radiation ) e l'effetto 2a) ( radio beam ) , che chiaramente producono un piccolissimo redshift...b) A pag. 15 si danno dettagli di altre imprese spaziali e ci si riferisce a formule empiriche ( Cassini corona model ) per aggiustamenti dei Doppler, che necessitano di 'variazioni di coefficiente' in relazione alla posizione delle comunicazioni rispetto alla corona solare : implicitamente essi ammettono che il Doppler ( lo stesso con cui misuriamo le distanze cosmiche di miliardi di anni-luce ) subisca forzature in varie situazioni , senza che essi risolvono il problema generale o prospettino ipotesi allargate. Riguardo al punto c) in ambienti specialistici ma anche presso il grande pubblico si e' discusso dell'accelerazione anomala dal 2000 al 2006 ; a torto non si e' evidenziato che lo stesso mistero si ripete anche per un'accelerazione sinusoidale annuale di valore un decimo e una giornaliera di valore un quattrocentesimo ( pag. 40 : Apparent annual/diurnal ...) ; si potrebbe osservare che e' difficile immaginare 'vera' un'accelerazione che annualmente e giornalmente cambi ( agisca in piu' o meno) a distanze ben oltre il sistema solare : si tratta di accelerazioni 'ancor piu' virtuali' della principale ( secondo noi, dipende semplicemente dall'interposizione della corona solare con i suoi max. e min. ( per quella annuale ) e dal fatto che le stazioni riceventi a terra sono su emisferi diversi ( per quella giornaliera) .
QUALCHE PREVISIONE
Accenniamo qualche nostra critica alla teoria del bigbang
1) questa teoria e' in apparenza semplice, ma intimamente per noi incomprensibile e improbabile : in un unico istante nascono a) tutte le cose b) il tempo e lo spazio c) quest'ultimo in molti punti comincia a dilatarsi con la (in)costante di Hubble... piu' facile parlare del condimento
2) non c'e' accordo decente sulla costante di H. ( valori da 25 a 80 km/s ... ( se pero' dipendesse dalla temperatura...))
3) il fondo a microonde provocato dall'espansione iniziale e' invece troppo costante ( una parte su centomila ... ( forse ha ragione Lerner in ''The bigbang never happened'' : sembra un genere di nebbia ... e anche sulla percentuale degli elementi ?)
4) alcune quasars, gli oggetti piu' lontani, si muovono a velocita' molto 'superluminari' ( ma se non fossero cosi' lontane..)
5) piu' lontano vediamo e piu' manca materia : anche oltre il 99 per cento ( ma se misurassimo male le distanze..)
6) la temperatura dalle stelle allo spazio vuoto diminuisce rapidamente , poi si ferma a 2,75K ( per sempre ...)
7) incapacita' di distinguere se una galassia ha un milione di anni o 10 miliardi ( dall'inizio di tutto, la galassia ha fatto una cinquantina di giri , la giovane Terra ha gia' fatto 5 miliardi di giri..) .. .
Sopra abbiamo proposto indicazioni di soluzione , ora facciamo qualche previsione conseguente :
I) nei sistemi di stelle , quelle piu' calde dovrebbero avere una velocita' radiale piu' elevata , benche' appartenenti ad un sistema i cui soggetti ovviamente dovrebbero avere identiche velocita' radiali medie .
II) le sonde spaziali e i satelliti dovrebbero emettere un segnale molto debole, legato all'effetto Raman (effetto capra) prodotto dalle onde radio per telecomunicazioni, con frequenza di corpo nero a temperatura dello spazio cosmico attraversato ( per es.: onde di 0,1 mm. per 28 K oppure onde di 0,03 mm. per 75 K = -198 C ) .
III) le stelle piu' calde e i quasars dovrebbero emettere un debole segnale alla frequenza della temperatura di 2,75K , ma piu' forte del fondo a microonde .
IV) la curva di corpo nero nei redshifts lontani dovrebbe essere piu' povera di frequenze nella parte sinistra ( frequenze piu' alte o corte).
V) nelle quasars 'associate ' di Arp , le piu' calde dovrebbero avere redshifts e distanze maggiori delle altre.
VI) le supernove lontane sembrano avere curve di dilazione del tempo / distanza incoerenti con modelli di luce stanca ( vedi Google ''errors in tired ligth cosmology' di Ned Wrigth ) : invece sono probabilmente curve di frequenze piu' basse e quindi piu' larghe ( perche' consumate dal Raman effect)
VII) le stelle variabili dovrebbero cambiare velocita' radiale ( di una quota virtuale : intendi redshift ) in rapporto ai loro cambi di temperatura secondo la formula empirica ( tentativo di conciliare l'effetto temperatura e l'effetto distanza !) gia' proposta nel sito.
Quindi : tutti gli oggetti spaziali sono fermi ( esclusi i moti propri ) e lo studio della caratteristica quantitativa dell'effetto Raman ( intensita' ) potrebbe condurre ad una stima delle vere distanze cosmiche , come pure lo studio della curva di corpo nero ricevuta . ( E se le distanze cosmiche fossero dimostrate molto sovrastimate cade anche l'ipotesi di esistenza della materia oscura mancante , automaticamente , senza rischi per la legge di gravitazione di Newton....: una normalizzazione avverrebbe dividendo la distanza stimata (con Doppler , redshift) per (1+(temp.ogg./temp.sole)^3)
CONCLUSIONI E DOMANDE
Se la luce coerente viaggia con qualche 'strutturazione' , se l'effetto Raman provoca un collasso diffuso delle frequenze , molte osservazioni trovano spiegazione senza ipotesi misteriose ( bigbang , stringhe )... rimane la vecchia capra ignorante e fortunata che ama pensare ..e avere dei dubbi .. la verita' assoluta non esiste ... :avere una probabile verita', in questo momento ... farsi le giuste domande... pensare piu' ai fatti che alle parole dei fatti... ..forse bisognerebbe pensare di piu' e fare di piu' quello che ci piace ..e farsi comunque domande ...
1) come spiegarsi non virtuale l'allontanamento delle 'nane' per distanza e per temperatura ?
2) possono essere sufficienti le 'nane' a giustificare i redshift lontani ?
3) si puo' ammettere una 'strutturazione' della luce?
4) i nostri esperimenti laser sono validi ?
5) il bigbang e' ammissibile all'interno di sistemi stellari o galassie ?
6) il Raman puo' giustificare la co(s)mica radiazione di fondo ?
7) il Raman puo' giustificare i raggi cosmici ?
8) ..e anche la massa mancante ?
9) perche' l'uguaglianza fra la temperatura dello spazio profondo e della radiazione di fondo e' stata considerata una semplice coincidenza ?
10) si puo' pensare che nel vuoto cosmico la temperatura dovrebbe essere molto piu' bassa e invece quella di 2,75 K e' quella di equilibrio prodotta dalla luce media universale ?
11) si puo' pensare ad un effetto Raman causato da frequenze piu' basse del corpo disperdente formanti righe capra e anticapra , che sia prodotto dalle onde di comunicazione dei satelliti ?
11) come il grado di coerenza e' relazionato all'efficienza dell'effetto Raman ? ( oldogf@yahoo.it )
posted by francis oldog at 1:25 PM
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